We can also learn to become the entrepreneur of the other Ancient Arabic, namely The Qataban. In addition to the kingdom of Saba and Minea, other important kingdoms that appear in this region is Qataban. Qataban country living in the valley Baihan east of Aden, which is now in the vicinity of Hadramaut.
Qataban kingdom built with the natural environment, climate, social and economic development similar to the kingdom Minea, Saba and Hadramaut. Archaeological expedition has found a number of sites that show Minea that, Saba ', Hadramaut and Qataban have any similarity in their stage of development in all aspects. Like other South Arabian kingdom triggered by a great wealth from trade incense (frankincense) and myrrh at the altar of burnt. In the third century BC (BCE) and the second century BC, Qataban reach peak prosperity. Qataban defray the expenses to make more laws, regulations and legal and more menertibkan matters related to trade and markets.
Tamna is Qataban capital and is the greatest city in the Wadi Baihan located between Shabwa and Ma'rib. Timna city located on the trade route that passed by Minea kingdoms, Saba ', Aksum, and Hadramaut. Tamna left edge is in the Wadi Baihan deserts on the outskirts. A place which is 30 km from Tamna is very popular since the fourth century BC .. The place is a center discharge the caravan trade that passed and the kingdom of incense Qataban collect taxes from the caravan as rewarded for their safety. Caravan trade incense after preparing goods dagangannya in Tamna, and the camel to the final goal, namely Gaza, located in the Mediterranean coast., Travel distance of 2380 km. 65 caravan through central dismissal, where the camels to rest temporarily.
Archaeological expedition has found the ancient relic as the two bronze lions, the monument includes legal persons and buildings Qataban channel water from the rock and cement material such as cement waterproof. Channel that is left over from the aft Baihan bees throughout the 25 km estimated fifth since aban BC. Monument of the Qataban is Mablaqah route, which is the way that be chiselled in stone mountain valley that connects Baihan and Hareeb through the valley of Mount Mablaqah an approximately 380 m above sea level, approximately 4.8 km long with a dangerous slope and width of the road between 3.5 meters to 4.5 meters. Mablaqah mountain road is a meeting point and the various routes of frankincense, myrrh and ollibanum. Of the old city is the other person Qataban Hajar Bin Hameed which is located on the hill menjorong at a height of approximately 21 meters from the valley in Bifurcate a distance of 15 km to the south is also Tamna and ancient trade routes. City have built between 1100 BC to 900 BC.
The head of the god who is Qataban AMM or "uncle" and call himself Qataban "AMM children." Qataban Kingdom for some time under the authority of the kingdom of Saba and Minea. The Arab historians did not know the slightest bengsa-nation-that any posts from Arabic writings spread north up to Ethiopia, the spice trade, and establish public buildings are incredible. Qataban leaders also mukarrib title or a holder of power as well as a pastor. Mukarrib this lead Qataban several centuries. Around fifth century mukarrib called Yadiah Dhubyan South Bridge has build Timna.
Given entrepreneurship's potential to support economic growth and social cohesion, it is the policy goal of many governments to develop a culture of entrepreneurial thinking. This can be done in a number of ways: by integrating entrepreneurship into education systems, legislating to encourage risk-taking, and national campaigns. An example of the latter is the United Kingdom's Enterprise Week, which launched in 2004.
Outside of the political world, research has been conducted on the presence of entrepreneurial theories in doctoral economics programs. Dan Johansson, fellow at the Ratio Institute in Sweden, finds such content to be sparse. He fears this will dilute doctoral programs and fail to train young economists to analyze problems in a relevant way.
Many of these initiatives have been brought together under the umbrella of Global Entrepreneurship Week, a worldwide celebration and promotion of youth entrepreneurship, which started in 2008.
Source : en.wikipedia.org
Labels: Entrepreneurship
Every successful entrepreneur brings about benefits not only for himself/ herself but for the municipality, region or country as a whole. The benefits that can be derived from entrepreneurial activities are as follows:
- Enormous personal financial gain
- Self-employment, offering more job satisfaction and flexibility of the work force
- Employment for others, often in better jobs
- Development of more industries, especially in rural areas or regions disadvantaged by economic changes, for example due to globalisation effects
- Encouragement of the processing of local materials into finished goods for domestic consumption as well as for export
- Income generation and increased economic growth
- Healthy competition thus encourages higher quality products
- More goods and services available
- Development of new markets
- Promotion of the use of modern technology in small-scale manufacturing to enhance higher productivity
- Encouragement of more researches/ studies and development of modern machines and equipment for domestic consumption
- Development of entrepreneurial qualities and attitudes among potential entrepreneurs to bring about significant changes in the rural areas
- Freedom from the dependency on the jobs offered by others
- The ability to have great accomplishments
- Reduction of the informal economy
- Emigration of talent may be stopped by a better domestic entrepreneurship climate.
Labels: Entrepreneurship
- Develop new markets. Under the modern concept of marketing, markets are people who are willing and able to satisfy their needs. In Economics, this is called effective demand. Entrepreneurs are resourceful and creative. They can create customers or buyers. This makes entrepreneurs different from ordinary businessmen who only perform traditional functions of management like planning, organization, and coordination.
- Discover new sources of materials. Entrepreneurs are never satisfied with traditional or existing sources of materials. Due to their innovative nature, they persist on discovering new sources of materials to improve their enterprises. In business, those who can develop new sources of materials enjoy a comparative advantage in terms of supply, cost and quality.
- Mobilize capital resources. Entrepreneurs are the organizers and coordinators of the major factors of production, such as land labor and capital. They properly mix these factors of production to create goods and service. Capital resources, from a layman's view, refer to money. However, in economics, capital resources represent machines, buildings, and other physical productive resources. Entrepreneurs have initiative and self-confidence in accumulating and mobilizing capital resources for new business or business expansion.
- Introduce new technologies, new industries and new products. Aside from being innovators and reasonable risk-takers, entrepreneurs take advantage of business opportunities, and transform these into profits. So, they introduce something new or something different. Such entrepreneurial spirit has greatly contributed to the modernization of economies. Every year, there are new technologies and new products. All of these are intended to satisfy human needs in a more convenient and pleasant way.
- Create employment. The biggest employer is the private business sector. Millions of jobs are provided by the factories, service industries, agricultural enterprises, and the numerous small-scale businesses.
Labels: Entrepreneur, Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurs have many of the same character traits as leaders, similar to the early great man theories of leadership; however trait-based theories of entrepreneurship are increasingly being called into question. Entrepreneurs are often contrasted with managers and administrators who are said to be more methodical and less prone to risk-taking. Such person-centric models of entrepreneurship have shown to be of questionable validity, not least as many real-life entrepreneurs operate in teams rather than as single individuals. Still, a vast but now clearly dated literature studying the entrepreneurial personality found that certain traits seem to be associated with entrepreneurs:
- David McClelland (1961) described the entrepreneur as primarily motivated by an overwhelming need for achievement and strong urge to build.
- Collins and Moore (1970) studied 150 entrepreneurs and concluded that they are tough, pragmatic people driven by needs of independence and achievement. They seldom are willing to submit to authority.
- Bird (1992) sees entrepreneurs as mercurial, that is, prone to insights, brainstorms, deceptions, ingeniousness and resourcefulness. they are cunning, opportunistic, creative, and unsentimental.
- Cooper, Woo, & Dunkelberg (1988) argue that entrepreneurs exhibit extreme optimism in their decision-making processes. In a study of 2004 entrepreneurs they report that 81% indicate their personal odds of success as greater than 70% and a remarkable 33% seeing odds of success of 10 out of 10.
- Busenitz and Barney (1997) claim entrepreneurs are prone to overconfidence and over generalisations.
- Cole (1959) found there are four types of entrepreneur: the innovator, the calculating inventor, the over-optimistic promoter, and the organization builder. These types are not related to the personality but to the type of opportunity the entrepreneur faces.
Other characteristics include
- The entrepreneur has an enthusiastic vision, the driving force of an enterprise.
- The entrepreneur's vision is usually supported by an interlocked collection of specific ideas not available to the marketplace.
- The overall blueprint to realize the vision is clear, however details may be incomplete, flexible, and evolving.
- The entrepreneur promotes the vision with enthusiastic passion.
- With persistence and determination, the entrepreneur develops strategies to change the vision into reality.
- The entrepreneur takes the initial responsibility to cause a vision to become a success.
- Entrepreneurs take prudent risks. They assess costs, market/customer needs and persuade others to join and help.
- An entrepreneur is usually a positive thinker and a decision maker.
An entrepreneur needs inspiration, motivation and sensibility.
Source : en.wikipedia.org
Labels: Entrepreneur, Entrepreneurship
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